The Moscow Metro opened in 1935 with one 6.8-mile line and 13 stations. The subway, the first underground railway in the Soviet Union, celebrated its 80th anniversary in May 2015. The system consists of twelve lines and 196 stations, with an average daily ridership of 6.7 million riders (2013).
Requirement will save up to 49 lives, prevent up to 1,759 crashes each year, and provide net economic benefits of more than $300 million annually.
Operation Lifesaver launched the “See Tracks? Think Train!” campaign in 2014 and developed this new VPSA in response to an increase in 2014 railroad crossing incidents. Preliminary 2014 statistics from the FRA cite an increase of 8.9% in crossing incidents and 16.4% in crossing-related deaths; crossing-related injuries fell 13.3%.
Copper, which now hovers at $3 a pound on the scrap market compared to about 80 cents a decade ago, is essential to the running of commuter railways, carrying electrical power from substations to the live third rail.
Some commuter rail agencies will need another three to five years to complete PTC installations because of the scale and complexity of the systems and the resources needed, according to American Public Transportation Association President/CEO Michael Melaniphy.