Annually updated research from the Accessibility Observatory at the University of Minnesota estimates the impact of traffic congestion on access to jobs for the 50 largest (by population) metropolitan areas in the U.S.
The new rankings are part of the Access Across America study, which began in 2013. The rankings focus on accessibility, a measure that examines both land use and transportation systems. Accessibility measures how many destinations, such as jobs, can be reached in a given time.
“Rather than focusing on how congestion affects individual travelers,” explained Andrew Owen, director of the Observatory, “our approach quantifies the overall impact that congestion has on the potential for interaction within urban areas.”
The study, which is based on data from 2016, also ranks access to jobs by car for the 50 largest U.S. metro areas. Cars, trucks, and other private motor vehicles are used for an estimated 86 percent of commuting trips in the U.S., making it the most widely used commute mode.
“For example, the Minneapolis–St. Paul metro area ranked 10th in terms of job accessibility but 26th in the reduction in job access due to congestion,” Owen said. “This suggests that job accessibility is influenced less by congestion here than in other cities.”
This year’s report — Access Across America: Auto 2016 — presents detailed accessibility and congestion impact values for each of the 50 metropolitan areas, as well as detailed block-level maps that illustrate the spatial patterns of accessibility within each area.
Key factors affecting the rankings for any metro area include the number of jobs available and where they are located, the road network structure, traffic management practices, the provision of alternate transportation modes, and population size, density, and location. Better coordination of transportation systems with the location of jobs and housing will improve job accessibility by auto.
The findings have a range of uses and implications. State departments of transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, and local government agencies can apply the evaluations to performance goals related to congestion, reliability, and sustainability. In addition, detailed accessibility evaluation can help in selecting between project alternatives and prioritizing investments.
